The varicose veins of the lower extremities are a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle (in more than 75% of cases) in most of the modern professions.To stop the first signs of the disease, it is enough to change nutrition habits and increase physical activity.The varicose veins in the legs are filled with the appearance of trophic ulcers.Therefore, it is inappropriate and unsafe to begin the state of health.
What is varicose veins?
The disease is directly related to the venous blood flow.The more often the blood is stuck in the veins, the higher the probability of expanding their walls.A healthy organism contributes to a complete blood circulation (other than cardiac activity) from a regular decrease in muscle fibers.Thanks to muscle function:
- Pressure increases systematically and decreases in ships
- Vein valves work harmoniously: they open and close accordingly with heart rate
- Blood does not have time to stall, its circulation speed allows you to pump to the full vein passage
If the arterial flow of the blood of the legs is facilitated by the power of withdrawal, then for the application of the venous, the body makes extra effort, pushing the blood from the bottom to the heart.Incomplete closure of vein valves is the cause of destabilization of blood circulation.Blood scenery between the valves causes an even greater expansion of veins.This condition is called varicose veins.
Symptoms
If you do not pay attention to the first signs of pathology, there is a high risk of its subsequent progress in more severe stages.The results are potentially disappointing - until the start of death.Therefore, do not delay with prevention and therapy, when the following symptoms appear:
- Limit Limit Limit Limit, increased fatigue.
- The veins of a dark shade (bluish or reddish) are swollen over the surface of the skin.
- Swelling of the feet (with damage to the surface and deep veins), sometimes convulsions are possible.
- Pigment spots on the skin of the ankle, legs.
The neglected stages are characterized by the formation of ulcers.Their localization is mainly the area of the ankle joints.The above signs indicate a pathogenesis of varicose veins.
Stage I and II
They are caused by the presence of pain, the seizures of the night standing, a feeling of severity.But diagnostic information does not indicate the presence of the disease.A vascular mesh, bluish nodules or "stars" manifests.The enlarged vein is visible and palpable.After a sharp foot load or long -term stand in a sitting position, the vessels grow in volume.
Stage III and IV
They are characterized by systematic swelling of the legs, mainly in the evening, when the body manages to get tired in one day.In the morning, symptoms decrease due to night rest.Below are the ancestors of trophic ulcers:
- Unnatural, dark skin tone (up to black) -Due to excess pigment accumulation.
- Inflammation of the epithelial tissue of varying intensity - from small redness to extensive crying.
- The atrophic processes of the epidermis, which brings the cavities of a slight shade to the skin of the feet.
A trophic ulcer occurs due to the lack of nutrients in the lower extremities.In the last 4 stages of an ulcer, it acquires a chronic character and does not heal for a long time.
The phases of the vein with varicose
Naiva patients believe that if varicose veins manifest visually, there is nothing to worry about.Diagnosis can indicate the presence of a disease even with the most minimal symptoms - severity, periodic sensation, unpleasant sensations in the legs.It is necessary to treat your sensations carefully, especially with convulsions or pain in calves.Defined medicines, therapeutic procedures improve the venous patent in the foot, the condition of the cardiovascular system of the whole organism.
primary
It has an independent form of pathogenesis.Is determined by a genetic predisposition against the backdrop of a congenital connective tissue abnormality, vascular walls.Disrupted blood flow to such patients is natural.The provocative factor of the primary varicose veins is:
- The excess body weight of the body
- Pregnancy in which the load on the ship grows
- Nososa or long socks with tight elastic striped
- Daily activities suggesting a long -term stay in a standing position
If the venous walls are weak from the moment of birth, any of the above circumstances causes the destabilization of blood flow and the development of pathology.
Middle
Women of reproductive and middle age are subject to its development.Secondary varicose veins are a consequence of an inactive lifestyle, hormonal disorders, pregnancy, excessive stress in the legs.Pathology arises as a complication of transmitted diseases of infectious or oncological genesis.The etiology of the disease involves traumatic vascular damage.Degenerative changes lead to the following phenomena:
- Damage to the integrity of venous valves
- deterioration in vascular wall muscle tone
- Few tissue food, lack of oxygen enrichment
- Violation of blood flow from the veins of passage
- increased venous pressure
- The appearance of trophic ulcers is the result of delayed therapy
During the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases of all forms of pathogens, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the feet.It is recommended to perform varicose veins, and in the right time of appropriate examinations.It is advisable to be in a sitting position less time.The pelvis and buttock veins are squeezed, which adversely affects their tone.
Reason
The main factor of varicose vein etiology is genetics.Moreover, it does not matter which areas of the body the disease was located to relatives.If gender is natural in a gene that carries information on vascular weakness, sooner or later it will appear if it contributes to this:
- Sedentary lifestyle, the activity of long -term work daily in a sitting position or standing
- Excessive pressure on the legs associated with lifting or weight in motion
- Alcohol abuse, smoking, drugs
- Lack of desire for physical exercise
- Long -term dressing of high behavior shoes
If the pathology is already diagnosed, it is necessary to start treatment as soon as possible.
Valve vein violation
According to the results of numerous clinical studies, etiopathogenetic mechanisms that lead to varicose veins with valve deficiency are unknown reliability.However, it is known that with improper functioning, the valves do not completely overlap the lumen of the vessel, which leads to the bloodstream below and the development of stagnation.This leads to such violations:
- by extending the walls of veins
- Reduce elasticity and ability to restore form
- Standing blood stagnation
As a result, disturbing symptoms in the form of edema, pain and trophic disorders are manifested.The work of venous valves is influenced by genetic and epigenetics factors: inheritance, pregnancy, weight, physical activity, hormonal restructuring of the body.
gestation
During pregnancy, women are at risk for developing varicose veins.This is due to hormonal changes and increased load on the internal organs, lower extremities.With each subsequent pregnancy, the risk of developing vascular violation increases.In this case, varicose veins can affect not only the lower limbs but also a small pelvis, labia, uterus.
Climax
During menopause, there is a restructuring of the hormonal background, which can lead to increased risk of varicose veins.Varicose veins can affect not only the feet but also the pelvic organs, which is why the violation is often confused with inflammatory diseases: cystitis, endometriosis.Varicose veins arise as a result of a decrease in the elasticity of the venous walls, as a result of which has an opposite blood thrown through the containers.
Prostate adenoma
Prostate adenoma is a pathological condition associated with prostate tissue and urinary flow disturbances.With Adenoma, complaints arise for:
- Ucubsizing urination
- Weakened flow of urine
- Involuntary urine division, in particular, at night
After emptying the bladder, there is no relief, discomfort, mental stress occur.With a thorough delay in the urine, the inflammatory process can develop, the risk of stone formation increases.In severe cases, intoxication and kidney failure occur.The lack of high quality prostate adenoma therapy is fraught with complications, one of which is varicose veins.
Receiving hormonal contraceptives
The reception of hormonal contraceptives is associated with a high risk of vascular complications: varicose veins, thrombosis.Such a group of medicines causes a dose -dependent effect: an excessive risk of estrogens equals an increased probability of thrombosis.With a hereditary predisposition to varicose veins, it is recommended to refrain from using hormonal tools and consider the possibility of using other, safer contraception methods.
Hereditary predisposition
Inherited predisposition is one of the main factors that leads to the development of varicose veins.In people with such a risk factor, the formation of a fine vascular mesh is observed.In the first signs of a violation, it is important to direct efforts to prevent further progression of the disease: use compression knit tricks, routine -based preparations, give precedence over moderate physical exercise, observe the way of drinking and making yoga.
Insufficient physical activity
Hypodynamic lifestyle often leads to the advancement of varicose veins.Care for the selection of appropriate physical exercise with existing varicose veins should be negotiated in advance with a phlebologist.The vague benefits are brought to daily walks in the fresh air at a comfortable pace: at least 10,000 steps a day.The venous system loves mobile sports.With special benefit for swimming, jogging, cycling, Scandinavian walking.It is recommended to exclude the implementation of those exercises that may provoke traumatic lesions of the lower extremities.
Excess weight
Excessive body weight is a risk factor that increases predisposition to the development of varicose veins.The situation worsens when other diseases, hormonal changes, bad habits come together.People with varicose veins are not recommended to adhere to the heavy diet and the mono diet, so the weight loss process should be as gentle and natural as possible.When the patient directs efforts to normalize body weight, he automatically slows down the advance of varicose veins.
In the initial stages of varicose veins, venous blood flow slows down under the influence of inherited and predisposing factors.Excessive body weight only worsens this situation.Pathological changes within the valves and blood vessels lead to the activation of a special mechanism - "leukocyte roll".This leads to the accumulation of leukocytes in the endothelial layers and the development of inflammatory reactions.The pathological process gradually extends throughout the venous vessel canal, causing the thinning and extension of the venous walls, as well as the deformation of the valves.
An unhealthy lifestyle
People who do not adhere to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle often face varicose veins.The situation is complicated with a stationary or inactive lifestyle, malnutrition, smoking, drinking alcohol, long static loads in the legs or sitting.Therefore, to prevent further advancement of varicose veins, it is necessary to direct the life style correction efforts: review the daily diet, normalize weight, get rid of bad habits.
Wound
Traumatic foot lesions are often complicated by varicose veins.A wide variety of damage can affect the condition of the valves and veins: a bruising of soft tissue, damage to the joints, violation of bone integrity.Anydo damage to the muscles, joints and bone leads to edema, violations of blood flow to the area of surface veins and deep.
Stagnation can also be driven by minor injuries that require compliance with bed rest.Bone fractures are associated with a high risk of thrombosis.Medical statistics confirm that the risk of developing varicose veins in people who suffered foot injuries are several times higher than the rest.If you are injured, first and foremost, efforts are directed to treat it.In the future, the medicines are chosen to ensure the optimal blood flow and prevent the thinning of the blood vessels.It is advisable to use the compressed knitwear selected by a phlebologist.
Potential complications
In addition to the difficulties in motion, pain, varicose veins pose a threat to blood clots.They come out, causing a death.Due to the circulation of a torn blood clot, not only the limb vessels, but also the pulmonary artery may suffer from blood flow.At the same time, thromboembolism is diagnosed by facilitating blood supply to the lungs.Often the consequences of varicose veins are:
- pancake
- stagnant dermatitis
- Chronic venous deficiency
- Anxious leg syndrome
Septic thrombophlebitis occurs due to the purulent decomposition of a blood clot in the blood plasma.Aseptic phlebititis is a possible complication of injection in Vienna of special substances in order to blame their lumen (sclerosis).
Troubleshooting
Doppler study is a standard diagnostic method for varicose veins.It is often used for the primary suspicion of pathology without obvious external signs, gives clear ideas for its presence or absence.UZDS - Double Ultrasound Scan, refers to professional research methods.The combination of ultrasound and dopplerography possibilities, UZD can indicate:
- Vienna -sectional cross size
- The speed of movement, direction and intensity of blood circulation (color coding images appear on the monitor of medical equipment)
- The condition of the valves, the venous walls (thanks to the shipping topography)
- Specific expansion localization
- presence of blood clots, other obstacles to full blood circulation
Duplex diagnostics - "Standard Gold" among other methods for studying varicose veins in the foot.These include: occlusive platyismography, radionuclid phleboskintography, reflective rheography, photosmography, CT, X -Ray contact phlebography, direct phlebotonometry.With their help, the feasibility of surgical intervention is detected.Procedures help to identify the amount and location of blood clots, pressure within the veins, features of blood flow disorders.
Treatment
In the initial stage of development of the disease, tools of local use - creams, ointments help effectively.Such therapy is suitable for home use.Only a few uses are able to reduce the symptoms of surface veins enlargement by 43% to 10-14 days a day.Another way to strengthen the elasticity of the veins is a contrasting shower or a bath.Under the influence of temperature change, the ships expand and narrow, thus improving their tone.For varicose vein prevention and therapy, they also use:
- Using a decoction of chamomile and mint, alcohol solution in white acacia flowers.
- Ends with horse chestnut solution.
- Rubbing in the affected places of apple cider vinegar, containing many trace elements, vitamins.
- It compresses with white, blue or green clay, which can be found in a pharmacy.The recommended frequency of the procedure is twice a week.
Traditional medicine recipes complement the prescribed treatment of medication.But the following methods can only be implemented after the approval of a fainting.The purpose of therapy is to restore the integrity and performance of the veins.There are 2 ways to achieve it: to grab (glue) or cut the blood vessels.
Laser
The technique is based on the use of thermal properties of laser radiation.The ease of light, inserted under local anesthesia in Vienna, increases the temperature of the blood hemoglobin, as a result of which the vessel walls "sealed" from the inside.The blood flow is redistributed in the deeper veins.The radiation generated is indicated, so it does not cause harm to the surrounding fabrics.
After some time, the new formed cells are absorbed.After the procedure, it is recommended to use a specialized knit of a compression type.It is important to refrain from excessive physical exercise and heel coating.Thanks to the laser coagulation, it is possible to overcome varicose veins in a painless, minimal invasive way.
Sclerotherapy
Is described in the initial stages of the disease with a small expansion of veins.Allows to fix the lumen of small vessels from "network" or "stars".The procedure is a standard injection without pain relief, the average duration of manipulation is 7-14 minutes.The sclerosis substance performs the function of adhering with the subsequent resorption of the recently formed connecting structure.As a result, varicose veins stopped in 10-14 days.The relapse of the symptoms requires re -escorting sclerotherapy in exceptional cases.
Socks and tights
The interior of the compression are classified by the length of: golf (knee), socks (in the thigh), tanga (at the waist).They are recommended to patients during physical activity (including simulators or in a fitness room).Compression freedom is indicated for long -term movements or, conversely, with a long stay in a sitting position.Medical knitwear contributes to blood circulation in difficult periods for blood vessels.
The benefits of tangas are invaluable: they compress the veins, improving blood flow.Their specification of production is based on the main function - to help the blood move from the bottom up to the heart.Therefore, in the ankle area are difficult and higher - they become cheaper.A similar purpose in elastic bandages that contribute to the removal of swelling, discomfort.But knit dresses are more suitable, comfortable in the process of placement, lifting, surgery.Its voltage power is installed by the manufacturer, and the probability of sliding on the skin is minimal.
Surgical intervention
It is described in the extreme stages of pathology, when the rest of the therapeutic methods are ineffective.The most common surgery is phlebectomy (large vessel resection).Also maintained:
- Surgical interventions in a focus focus and south-south of saffron
- Amputation of a large subcutaneous vein
- Intravasal plastic of deep dishes
Many are of the opinion of the inadequacy of vein removal if they do not interfere with life.However, surgeons have their arguments on the subject: to stop the risk of forming blood clots - first of all.A major role is played by the professionalism of the surgeon.
Post -operative rehabilitation
Includes Standard Recommendations for Lyfovenosis Failure:
- Activation of mobility according to the permitted rates prescribed by the physician.First you need to cook your legs at least occasionally, then switch to physiotherapy exercises.
- Wearing elastic linen 1-2 compression linen.An alternative - banding with the imposition of Fixing Tours.
- Using venotonic drugs: All types of ointments include and not only.In severe patient conditions, local treatment with ointments containing heparin, antibacterial and hormonal drugs are prescribed.Their purpose is to reduce swelling, symptoms of dermatosis, dermatoliposclerosis;Improve soft tissue microcirculation.
- Physiotherapy: Lymphatic drainage massage (if there are no complications, for example, lymph and wounds heal), magnetotherapy (up to 8 procedures for the entire rehabilitation period).
- Relief of hematomas, pain, inflammatory processes through the use of polyferment drugs, with the content of pentoxyphiline, antiplatele.
With a responsible approach to the above measures, the recovery period should not exceed 3 weeks, maximum - per month.Procedures minimize the risk of blood clots, reduce the rehabilitation period.Contribute to the rapid restoration of full blood circulation, the ability to work.Immediately after surgery, the location of the legs in a slightly elevated state contributes to better blood circulation.The steps can only be taken for 2 days, exclusively with support for coating coating to prevent relapse.In the post -surgery period, it is strictly prohibited:
- Take a bath or hot shower
- Raise severity, subjugate the body with excess loads
- Use a strong cloth and body care products (hygiene procedures should only be performed with warm water)
- Remove the crust from the toothpick spaces
- Subject to operated soft tissue infection (for the prevention of complications, local antiseptic agents are used)
- violates described diet and a smooth lifestyle
The diet is required to include fresh vegetables, fruits, and greens that "alkalize" the body.Cook all the dishes using purified water.Salt is best to replace the sea - it does not contain illegal impurities that scratch the ships from the inside.
PREVENTION
To prevent varicose veins in the foot, it is enough to observe the main state - every day, but moderate physical activity is needed.Even patients with congenital defects of the venous walls can avoid the disease if the following recommendations are followed:
- Performing a leg electromiostimulation is a simple but useful procedure available to everyone for home use.It is enough to buy a neuromuscular stimulant at the pharmacy and use it in accordance with the instructions.
- During long flights or trips, the legs need to be massaged - independently, with the help of pinch, light strokes, rubbing.Massage will eliminate stagnant phenomena in the lower extremities.
- Do not be included in the coating of narrow pattern shoes: heel height is directly proportional to the level of risk development of varicose veins.
- Cold water hardening is an effective way to toning the cardiovascular system.
After a long stay in a sitting position, you should take a walk or roll in a standing position from the foot to the heel.Listed recommendations are useful for people with some type of office work, help minimize the risk of varicose veins for drivers and sellers.